Interestingly, two of the differentially upregulated transcripts in HNSCC patients with a smoking history are the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits CHRNA5 [Fold Change: 1.31, FDR p-value = 1.905e-3]and CHRNA4 [Fold Change: 1.38, FDR p-value = .0112], with CHRNA5 being more significantly upregulated of the two transcripts based on a Benjamini-Hochberg corrected FDR p-value. This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA5 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.