Indeed, chronic inflammation, as observed in periodontitis, culminates in the sequential synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon γ (INFγ), and prostaglandin E (PGE)) [34]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is periodontitis.