Wound healing assays (p < 0.05) (Figure 10G, H, Supplementary Fig. 2C, D) and transwell assays (p < 0.001) (Figure 10I-K, Supplementary Fig. 2E-G) further demonstrated that GCSH inhibition markedly reduced the migration and invasion capacity of CCA cells. This evidence concerns the gene GCSH and cholangiocarcinoma.