VEGFA and neoplasm: In fact, the aberrant tumor vasculature represents a challenging barrier for T-cells to overcome in order to infiltrate cancer deposits and elicit anti-cancer cytotoxic activity; furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), secreted by cancer cells to increase angiogenesis within a hypoxic tumor tissue, has inhibitory effects on cytotoxic T-cells and contribute to maintain an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (6, 7).