The inverse relationship between coffee consumption and HCC is thought to be due to caffeine's alteration of liver signaling and inflammatory pathways, which lowers circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), CX3CL1‐fractalkine, CCL4, FGF‐2, and sTNFRII (de Melo Pereira et al., 2020; Loftfield et al., 2015). The gene discussed is CX3CL1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.