ZBP1 and neoplasm: It regulates gene expression, repairs DNA damage, and contributes to immune response against viral infections.ZBP1 has significant involvement in multiple cellular processes, and its therapeutic potential may be uncovered through additional research [25–28].Our study enhances current understanding, offering new insights into the mechanisms behind macrophage polarization and its impact on tumor growth.In particular,we have determined that ZBP1 plays a crucial role in controlling M1 macrophage polarization.