MTOR and liver dysplastic nodule: Supplementation with SCFAs decreased HDAC4 expression and increased histone acetylation, enhanced autophagy, autophagic vesicles with double membrane structure increased significantly in renal tissues, p-AMPK/AMPK protein ratio increased while p-mTOR/mTOR protein ratio decreased, renal lesions were significantly reduced, and pedunculated cell damage and proteinuria were significantly ameliorated [86], thus SCFAs may activate autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway and delay DN progression.