IL1B and COVID-19: Among patients enrolled within 7 days of symptom onset, evidence of pro-inflammatory monocyte/macrophage (IL-1Ra, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10), NK cell (IL-15), Th1/Th17-pathway (IL-7, IL-15, IL-17F), and endothelial (VEGF-A) activation were apparent in patients with severe COVID-19 (Fig. 3b, Supplementary Table 6).