The SMGs identified in our study did not entirely match the results reported by Li et al. for oral MPCs, except for TP53 and MUC16, which were also identified as highly frequent mutation genes.32 This discrepancy may be due to the small sample size in both studies, including only 9 patients with a second primary cancer in that research and 8 samples from 4 patients in our study. Here, MUC16 is linked to cancer.