In a study based primarily on the peripheral blood SC transcriptomic analysis, CXCR3+ effector memory CD8+ T cells and HLA-DR+ APCs were identified as two key potentially interacting immune cells linked to distinct clinical fates of either response or immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) in patients with HCC who underwent anti-PD-1 therapy (Fig. 2) [64]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.