INS and Mental deterioration: Approximately 60% of older adults do not engage in sufficient levels of physical activity which is required to improve overall cognition and brain health (Tyndall et al., 2018), as low skeletal muscle mass is linked to cognitive decline and dementia in older adults due in part to possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms related to systemic inflammation, altered insulin metabolism, disturbed protein metabolism and dysfunctional mitochondrial functions (Oudbier et al., 2022).