CASP3 and tuberculosis: Increased susceptibility to apoptosis may contribute to T cell depletion and high expression of caspase-3 has previously been reported in people with TB.38 Although we did not find evidence of increased expression of active caspase 3 by HIV-specific T cells, prior studies have reported increased caspase-8 activity in PWH, which was linked with necroptosis and increased cell death.39 Further evaluation of expression of genes in apoptotic and necrotic signaling pathways may uncover additional mechanisms driving depletion of HIV-specific T cells in people with TB.