HOTAIR and central nervous system disorder: This is changing as evidenced by the recent surge in studies proposing lncRNAs, including HOTAIR as important mediators of different aspects of non-oncological CNS disorders (Fig. 3), such as neurodegeneration, psychiatric illnesses, and developmental conditions (Li et al. 2020; Wu and Kuo 2020; Canseco-Rodriguez et al. 2022).