TNF and neoplasm: Knocking down Gal-9 apparently reduced T cell apoptosis (Fig. 6d), increased inflammatory cytokine release of IL-2 (2.51 folds), IFN-γ (2.35 folds), TNF-α (3.64 folds) in spleen (Fig. 6e–g), reversed CD8+ T cell exhaustion (Fig. 6i), and enhanced tumor-Ag-specific T cell response by 42.65% (Fig. 6j) and CD8+ T cell tumor-specific cytotoxic lysis (4.16 folds) (Fig. 6k), and finally vigorously inhibited tumor growth in vivo (Fig. 5c).