We first analyzed which SGBs’ and MetaCyc pathways’ relative abundances were differentially abundant between patients with PFS ≥12 and PFS <12 months averaging over the effect of confounders such as therapy regimen, development of ICB-induced colitis and other irAEs, concomitant use of PPIs, previous use of antibiotics, previous v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-targeted therapy, and cancer center (Methods). Here, BRAF is linked to colitis.