Reminiscent of host tropism and infection susceptibility in the cases of uropathogenic Escherichia coli,43 the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori,44 and noro/HIV viruses,14 these findings suggest a close fit between the structurally distinct SpaP A/B/C receptor-binding domains and their saliva DMBT1 and biofilm isoreceptors.43 Here, PDZK1IP1 is linked to infection.