IL1RAP and heart failure: Higher levelof this enzyme is one of the parameters of liver function abnormalitiesthat are frequently observed in patients with heart failure,54 and its prognostic potential in heart failurehas been also studied.55 Interleukin-1receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) was elevated in LVRR- patients.According to Niazy et al.,56 plasma andmyocardial levels of IL-1 and its receptors increase in heart failureand remain increased upon implantation of MCS devices.