TNFSF13 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Although long term data regarding the clinical impact of APRIL and/or BAFF inhibition are not yet available, dual inhibition of BAFF and APRIL in a preclinical lupus model appeared to be optimal in comparison to BAFF inhibition alone, with regards to preventing development of proteinuria, reducing plasma cell numbers, and reducing the production of autoantibodies (anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] antibodies) (107).