The human gut contains certain probiotics, and rational use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy combined with probiotics can significantly improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC, providing more opportunities for the prolonging of PFS and OS in those with NSCLC (Figure 2). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.