Another trial (NCT05902260) will test whether high-energy and high-protein nutritional supplements can decrease protein clearance, including drug clearance in patients with NSCLC receiving anti-PD-1 ICIs; this in turn would positively affect anti-PD-1 drug bioavailability, leading to activation of the immune system and thereby an increased response to PD-1 therapy. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.