MUC1 and colorectal cancer: discovered that BRAF(V600E) mutant colorectal cancer exhibits overexpression of MUC1 protein, which, by activating the SHP2 phosphatase, further strengthens RAS/ERK signaling, leading to increased tumor cell proliferation and resistance to BRAF inhibitors; targeting MUC1-C could potentially enhance treatment sensitivity and inhibit tumor growth (59).