ERBB2 and breast carcinoma: Furthermore, as we (previously with Johns Hopkins collaborators) have already developed a comprehensive quantitative systems pharmacology platform for immuno-oncology (IO) [100, 101], adding an immune module to our breast cancer model to enable the simulation of various modalities of immunotherapy in combination with HER2-targeted therapies is also of great importance, given the competitive drug development landscape of HER2+ mBC and many ongoing trials in this field [7].