Furthermore, butyrate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and CD11b, and suppressing NF-κB signaling in Aβ-induced BV-2 cells.303 Notably, an oral combination therapy (AMX0035) comprising sodium phenylbutyrate and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial to evaluate its safety and biological activity in AD patients [NCT03533257]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.