APP and Alzheimer disease: Secondary BAs associated with AD and cognitive impairments include DCA, LCA, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholic acid, and taurolithocholic acid.355–358 Moreover, an elevated level of secondary BA taurohyodeoxycholic acid was reported in the serum of GF 3xTg-AD mice receiving FMT from AD patients.196 In another study, the administration of a traditional Chinese medicine decoction effectively ameliorated Aβ plaque pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice.