Each phenotype was tested for an association with APOL1 genotype using logistic regression with age, sex, Townsend deprivation index, evidence of chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or uACR > 3 mg/mmol or algorithmically-defined ESKD), and principal components 1–4 used as covariates. Here, APOL1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.