Variations in the NMF1 (Treg-F)-related genes were most pronounced in Treg Eff, with T1D showing a decrease in functional molecules such as IL2RA, TNFRSF1B, and Treg regulators such as FOXP3, IKZF2, while MS showed a decrease in IL2RA, IL10RA, IKZF4, along with an increase in CTLA4, which is one of the prominent Treg effector molecules. Here, IKZF2 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.