Consistent with our previous data, collagen catabolic processes and fibril organization were among the most significant functions enriched among the upregulated genes in DLE lesions (P < 1 × 10–5), including MMP3, MMP14, COL5A2, COL1A1, COL5A1, and particularly COLQ (FC = 3.27; FDR = 7.44 × 10–2) (Figure 5). Here, COL5A1 is linked to discoid lupus erythematosus.