VPS4A and microcephaly: These novel roles for ESCRT functions may have wider implications for disease mechanisms as mutations in a number of ESCRT components have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, microcephaly, and the formation of cataracts (Zivony-Elboum et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2012; Mochida et al., 2012; Shiels et al., 2007; Skibinski et al., 2005), and recent work has identified multisystem defects associated with de novo mutations in VPS4 (Rodger et al., 2020).