ACSS2 and kidney disorder: In multiple mouse models of kidney disease, including adenine-induced nephropathy and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), Acss2–/– mice exhibited improved kidney function compared with control mice (Figure 1A), as reflected by reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, improved tissue histology, and decreased expression of fibrosis markers such as fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin.