CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Lu and colleagues systemically administered DC-EVs in three different HCC models and observed shifts in the tumor microenvironment such as increases in cytotoxic CD8 T-cells and fewer immunosuppressive T regulatory cells, which associated with tumor regression.114 Lastly, M1 macrophages-derived EVs loaded with docosahexaenoic acid have been shown to induce ferroptosis and reduce tumor burden in orthotopic HCC models.115 Therefore, EVs isolated from allogeneic sources have intrinsic capabilities to alter tumor cell survival and growth.