Under physiological conditions, the healing of kidney injury occurs through TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway mediating repair activities such as ECM generation and cell renewal; however, during the DN process, when kidney cells receive sustained stimulation and undergo excessive repair, pathological features of renal fibrosis such as cell proliferation and excessive matrix deposition occur [27]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.