Though our study failed to find any differences in TIMP-1 gene expression in patients with CAD, patients with atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy or ischemic cardiomyopathy showed a significant decrease in TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 levels.23 Hence, this inconsistency is attributed to various types of heart diseases, types of sampling, the stage of disease, methodology and the studied population’s ethnicity. This evidence concerns the gene TIMP3 and ischemic cardiomyopathy.