SMAD2 and cancer: The investigation of this network also uncovered that CD8A, CD68, and VISTA are subject to substantial influence by essential proteins and transcription factors, including TP53, EP300, ESR1, CCND1, CREBBP, FOS, HDAC1, SMAD3, SMAD2, and STAT1, which are associated with cancer signaling pathways, indicating their involvement in the development of cancer.