Furthermore, obacunone prevents obesity and hyperglycemia, two independent risk factors for CGS (Lammert et al., 2016), by activating TGR5 and inhibiting PPARγ transcriptional activity (Horiba et al., 2015), which are related to bile metabolism (Chávez-Talavera et al., 2017; Jia et al., 2018; Sorrentino et al., 2020; Castellanos-Jankiewicz et al., 2021) and CGS formation (Dong et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2018; Han et al., 2019). The gene discussed is GPBAR1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.