Specifically, they identified that sex differences in the X-linked gene O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), which plays an important role in transcriptional control and epigenetic programming in the placenta, may underlie increased male susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders by affecting how the placenta responds to prenatal insults (Nugent et al., 2018). Here, PSMB5 is linked to neurodevelopmental disorder.