It inhibited HCC growth and reversed sorafenib resistance via the ceRNA network HOTTIP-TUG1/miR-4726–5p/MUC1 (Tang et al., 2022b), and induced apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells by suppressing the oncogenic factor LIF and modulating the miR-192–5p/CYR61/Akt signaling axis, repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages, and influencing other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (Yin et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and neoplasm.