The ceRNA networks of circ0016788, specifically circ0016788/miR-486/CDK4 and circ0016788/miR-506–3p/PAPR14, are known to significantly enhance HCC proliferation and invasion, presenting notable diagnostic potential for clinical research (Guan et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2021c). Here, CDK4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.