Placental damage following infection is due to infiltration of CD68+ and TCD8+ cells, expression of MMPs, cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α), and other immunological mediators (RANTES/CCL5 and VEGFR-2) which cause excessive inflammation and vascular dysfunction resulting in placental dysfunction and reduced maternal-fetal exchanges [100, 101]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and infection.