We found that in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease cell model, whether it was the wild-type Spike protein pseudovirus or the B.1.617.2 or XBB.1.16 strain, the infection level was significantly increased, consistent with the increase in the expression level of ACE2 (Supplementary Fig. 4a–c). The gene discussed is ACE2; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.