Notably, whereas aberrant NPTX2 was similarly absent from neurons with tau inclusions in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Extended Data Fig. 12g), we detected aberrant accumulation of NPTX2 in TDP-43 aggregate-bearing neurons in cases of Alzheimer’s disease with TDP-43 co-pathology (Fig. 4j and Extended Data Fig. 12h). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.