We observed this characteristic NPTX2 accumulation in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of patients with FTLD-TDP type A (FTLD-TDP-A; both sporadic and C9ORF72-related) or type C46 (FTLD-TDP-C), as well as in the frontal cortex of patients with FTLD-TDP-A and in the primary motor cortex of a patient with ALS (Fig. 4e–g and Extended Data Fig. 12a–d). Here, NPTX2 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.