We documented detailed microstructural changes of rabies-labeled neurons in aging and Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, including dendritic spine loss and reduced mitochondrial size in labeled cortical and hippocampal excitatory neurons with RVΔG-PSD95-mNeonGreen and RVΔG 2XMito-dTomato. The gene discussed is DLG4; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.