The time from engagement between CAR T-cells and AML cells, and subsequent AML cell lysis, as judged by propidium iodide (PI) influx, was significantly longer, i.e., increased from roughly 10 h to ~16 h, for CAR T-cells co-incubated with MOLM13-TP53−/− as compared to MOLM13-TP53+/+ AML cells (Fig. 2H,I; Movies EV1 and EV2). Here, TP53 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.