For instance, CTSB and cathepsin S have been shown to contribute to apoptosis via caspase activation in Noroviruses [58] and DENV [18] infections, while highly pathogenic human CoVs, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, utilize cathepsin L to activate apoptosis and facilitate viral dissemination [59,60]. This evidence concerns the gene CTSS and infection.