In the treatment of established tumours, CT26 colon cancers, TS/A breast carcinomas, heterotransplanted GOS osteosarcomas and EL4 thymomas progressed with similar kinetics in immunocompetent wild-type, TLR4-/- and nu/nu athymic mice; however, chemotherapy or radiotherapy was less effective in TLR4-/- and nu/nu mice [11]. Here, TLR4 is linked to osteosarcoma.