Here, we found that the Mander’s coefficient (ratio of the co-localization of CD206 and CD163 compared with CD163 alone) in the duodenum was positively associated with plasma atRA at days 98 and 161, as well as duodenal tissue atRA at necropsy, adding further evidence that a return to small intestinal immune homeostasis typically lost during SIV/HIV infection may be driving both systemic and tissue increases in retinoid metabolism (Figure S3). The gene discussed is MRC1; the disease is HIV infectious disease.