In humans, haploinsufficiency or mutations in GATA3, encoding a dual zinc finger transcription factor, cause the autosomal dominant disease known as hypoparathyroidism, deafness and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome or Barakat syndrome (Bilous et al., 1992; Van Esch et al., 2000). This evidence concerns the gene GATA3 and Hypoparathyroidism - deafness - renal disease.