We observed high expression levels of chemokines involved in neutrophil trafficking (e.g., Cxcl1 and Cxcl2) as early as 12 hours post-infection (0.5 DPI) (Figure 2A–B), which correlates with our previous data that neutrophils are the first immune cells to arrive in response to C. violaceum (Harvest et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and infection.