For NSCLC tumors without currently targetable molecular alterations2 (>50% of adenocarcinomas3 and >95% of squamous cell carcinomas4), standard-of-care treatment is immunotherapy with anti-programmed death (ligand)-1 (PD-(L)1) checkpoint inhibitors, alone or with platinum-doublet therapy1, which offers long-term disease control and overall survival (OS) benefit for some patients5–12. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.