ATLANTIS was a multicenter, randomized trial which evaluated lurbinectedin 2.0 mg/m2 in combination with doxorubicin 40.0 mg/m2 every 21 days versus physician’s choice of either intravenous topotecan or cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine (CAV) with mandatory G-CSF prophylaxis in both groups in adult patients with SCLC who relapsed after one previous platinum-containing chemotherapy regimen. Here, CSF3 is linked to small cell lung carcinoma.