Moreover, using an HCC mouse model established by hepatic portal vein injection of Hepa1-6 murine liver cancer cells with indicated phenotypes, we found that tumor growth was promoted in mice inoculated murine liver cancer cells with mHKDC1 overexpressing (mHKDC1), but mPD-L1 knockout (sgmPD-L1) attenuated tumor growth promoted by HKDC1 overexpression (Supplementary Fig. 3k). This evidence concerns the gene HKDC1 and neoplasm.