In the intraarticular environment, the PTMs, such as lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, activate fibroblastic proliferation and migration, reduce cartilage erosion by decreasing the production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) in natural SF killer cells, and reduce the formation of osteoclasts, which mediate bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis models47. Here, IFNG is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.