Additionally, WT mice gavaged with Dub for 5 consecutive days starting from day 3 post-DSS administration (Supplementary Fig. 2j) exhibited longer colon length (Supplementary Fig. 2k, l) and improved histopathology (Supplementary Fig. 2m, n) compared with mice receiving EF or untreated controls, suggesting that Dub also has therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis. The gene discussed is ZUP1; the disease is colitis.