CD4 and inflammatory bowel disease 5: Given that Tregs play a central role in maintaining the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the gut via TGF-β and IL-10 secretion and an imbalance of Treg and Th1/Th17 responses is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD5, we hypothesized that Dub colonization inhibits DSS-induced inflammation by inducing Foxp3+ Tregs and suppressing IFNγ+CD4+ T cells and IL17+CD4+ T cells.