ZUP1 and colitis: However, despite a narrowing of the phenotype, there were still differences between the Gpr43−/−-Dub and Gpr43−/−-Veh groups, suggesting that in addition to SCFAs (especially propionate), other Dub-derived metabolites or GPR43-independent pathways might be involved in the Dub-driven induction of cTregs and amelioration of DSS-induced colitis.