According to an in vivo study on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS animal model, caffeine administration (0.2–2.0 mg/kg) reduced the neuroinflammatory process and demyelination, through increasing the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) expression on macrophage/microglia [23]. This evidence concerns the gene ADORA1 and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.